ASCRS Ch68 - Healthcare Economics

Chapter 68 of the ASCRS Textbook of Colon and Rectal Surgery, 4th edition (Peters WR, deBeche-Adams T), book pages 1117-1126 (PDF pages 1100-1109, offset +17). Part of the "Part VI: Miscellaneous" grouping, immediately following ASCRS Ch67 - Considerations for Geriatric Patients Undergoing Colorectal Surgery.

Structure

• Healthcare Economics: A Global Perspective — US spending vs. OECD comparators, price vs. utilization analysis, outcome metrics (life expectancy, cancer survival).
• US Healthcare Finance — Medicare (Parts A/B/C/D), Medicaid, employer-sponsored insurance, individual/non-group insurance/ACA exchanges.
• Healthcare and Politics — historical context (Truman, Johnson, Clinton reform efforts), The Future of the ACA (NFIB v. Sebelius, Medicaid expansion variation, individual mandate litigation), Underinsurance, Surprise Medical Billing, Rural Hospital Closures.
• Physician Reimbursement: The Quality Payment Program — MACRA's repeal of the SGR, MIPS, Advanced APM.
• Coding Systems — ICD-10 (CM/PCS), CPT® (Category I/II/III codes, modifiers, add-on codes, unlisted codes, the RUC valuation process), DRG, and how codes become payments (claims adjudication, timely filing).
• References (45 citations, primarily health-policy/health-services-research literature and government/NGO data sources rather than clinical trials).

Wiki disposition

A genuine outlier chapter relative to the rest of this clinical wiki — the first practice-management/ health-policy chapter encountered in the sequential ingest. Written to a new standalone concept page, Healthcare Economics & Surgical Coding, with minimal cross-linking to clinical pages given the topical distance. No existing wiki page covered this material; no reconciliation was needed.

Offset verification

Chapter opens on book page 1117 (PDF page 1100), copyright line confirms "© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 1117" — offset +17, unchanged from Ch. 67 (Ch. 67 ended on an even book page, 1116, so no jump was expected or found). Chapter ends on book page 1126 (even page); no jump occurs at the Ch. 68/Ch. 69 boundary — Ch. 69 ("Ethical Considerations (Conflict of Interest, Surgical Innovation, and End of Life)," Buie WD, MacLean AR) confirmed starting at book page 1127 (PDF page 1110), offset +17 unchanged.