Procedures

Landing page for wiki/procedures/ — surgical procedure pages (e.g. Low Anterior Resection, Total Mesorectal Excision, Hartmann's Procedure).

• Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis (IPAA) — J-pouch construction, stapled vs. hand-sewn technique, tension-reducing maneuvers, diversion practice, complications, functional outcomes. Used for Ulcerative Colitis and (selectively) Crohn Disease. Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Inflammatory Bowel Disease (textbook reference).
• Colon Cancer Resection — preoperative tumor localization/tattooing, oncologic principles (margins, no-touch, lymphadenectomy, complete mesocolic excision), vascular landmarks, technique by tumor location (right, hepatic flexure, transverse, splenic flexure, descending, sigmoid), obstructing/perforated colon cancer, and neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced colon cancer. Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Colorectal Neoplasia & Colon Cancer Surgery and ASCRS Ch25 - Colon Cancer Surgical Treatment (textbook references).
• Complete Mesocolic Excision with D3 Lymphadenectomy — Japanese D1/D2/D3(/D4) lymph node classification and its mapping onto Western "CME + CVL" terminology, T-stage-based decision-making, quality indicators (mesocolic-plane grading, specimen morphometry), anatomical variants relevant to D3 dissection (GCT/GPCT, SMV tributaries, arterial anatomy), five MIS surgical techniques for right- and left-sided D3 dissection, and short/long-term oncologic outcomes by trial/registry (JCOG0404, Danish DCCG, ERCRC registry, RELARC/SLRC/LCME/COLD trials). Sourced from ASCRS Ch37 - Minimally Invasive Complete Mesocolic Excision with Extended Lymphadenectomy for Colon Cancer (textbook reference — thirty-seventh chapter of the sequential full-textbook ingest).
• Local Excision of Rectal Neoplasms — endoscopic (EMR/ESD) and transanal (TAMIS/TEM) techniques, patient-selection criteria (T1N0), complications, oncologic results, adjuvant/ neoadjuvant therapy combined with local excision, quality of life, salvage surgery. Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Rectal Cancer Surgery and ASCRS Ch27 - Rectal Cancer Local Excision (textbook references).
• Total Mesorectal Excision (TME) & Sphincter-Sparing Resection — rectal/mesorectal anatomy, priorities of proctectomy, bowel prep, open/laparoscopic/robotic/transanal (taTME) LAR technique, low-pelvic anastomosis/reservoir options, multivisceral resections, oncologic outcomes, multidisciplinary care. Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Rectal Cancer Surgery, ASCRS Ch29 - Proctectomy for Rectal Cancer, and ASCRS Ch36 - Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive Surgery (textbook references) — the latter adding CLASICC/COREAN/ROLARR trial detail, technical-limitation and hand-assisted-laparoscopic (HALS) sections, and expanded taTME technique.
• Abdominoperineal Resection (APR) — indications, technique, ELAPE/cylindrical variant outcome data, perineal reconstruction, and laparoscopic/robotic APR outcome data. Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Rectal Cancer Surgery, ASCRS Ch29 - Proctectomy for Rectal Cancer, and ASCRS Ch36 - Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive Surgery (textbook references).
• Pelvic Exenteration for Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer — anatomical-compartment classification, MDT/resectability assessment, three-phase (dissection/resection/reconstruction) technique by compartment, composite pubic bone resection, sacrectomy by level, urinary conduit reconstruction, outcomes. Sourced from ASCRS Ch32 - Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer (textbook reference).
• Rectal Prolapse Repair — abdominal (suture rectopexy, Frykman-Goldberg resection rectopexy, Wells posterior mesh rectopexy, Ripstein anterior sling rectopexy, ventral mesh rectopexy/VMR) vs. perineal (Thiersch anal encirclement, Delorme, Altemeier) approaches for overt prolapse, plus approach-selection and recurrent-prolapse guidance; VMR and STARR/TST STARR plus are also used for internal rectal prolapse/intussusception (see Obstructed Defecation Syndrome (ODS)). Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Pelvic Floor Disorders & Constipation, ASCRS Ch59 - Treatment of Difficult-Obstructive Defecation, and ASCRS Ch60 - Rectal Prolapse (textbook references).
• Colonoscopy & Lower GI Endoscopy — anorectal exam (DRE, anoscopy, proctoscopy, EAUS/ERUS), flexible endoscopy technique, flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy (bowel prep, sedation, instrumentation, technique, alternative techniques, complications), quality measures, training. Sourced from ASCRS Ch04 - Endoscopy (specialty textbook reference).
• Endoscopic Polypectomy, EMR & ESD — forceps/snare polypectomy, submucosal lifting, EMR (incl. underwater EMR), ESD (patient selection via NICE classification/non-lifting sign, technique, complications), endoscopic suturing, colonic stenting (bridge-to-surgery vs. palliative, incl. named RCTs Stent-In 2/Pirlet/Alcantara/CREST and meta-analyses). Sourced from ASCRS Ch05 - Endoscopic Management of Polyps and Endolumenal Surgery and ASCRS Ch39 - Large Bowel Obstruction (specialty/general textbook references).
• Anastomotic Construction — physiology of anastomotic healing, mobilization techniques (splenic flexure, high/low IMA tie, IMA preservation vs. ligation, retroileal anastomosis, right colon de-rotation, "three critical points" for colorectal vascular supply), perfusion assessment (clinical, ICG angiography incl. the IntAct RCT and ureteral ICG-visualization/stents), anastomosis configuration (Kono-S, low pelvic reservoir options), sutured vs. stapled vs. compression-ring methods, and RCT-validated anastomotic leak testing. Sourced from ASCRS Ch09 - Anastomotic Construction (specialty textbook reference — ninth chapter of the sequential full-textbook ingest), ASCRS Ch29 - Proctectomy for Rectal Cancer, ASCRS Ch36 - Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive Surgery, and ASCRS Ch38 - Colonic Diverticular Disease.
• Intestinal Stomas — configuration/indications and physiology (colostomy, ileostomy, jejunostomy; end vs. loop), preoperative siting/education, full technical creation detail incl. ICG perfusion assessment, postoperative care/appliances, the full complications spectrum (ischemia, peristomal skin disorders, pyoderma gangrenosum, peristomal varices, prolapse, abscess, high output stomas), stoma reversal (timing, technique, complications), and special considerations (the difficult/obese-patient stoma, genitourinary stomas, the Turnbull blowhole colostomy). Sourced from ASCRS Ch54 - Intestinal Stomas (textbook reference — fifty-fourth chapter of the sequential full-textbook ingest).
• Parastomal Hernia Repair — incidence by stoma type, risk factors (BMI/waist circumference), diagnosis (self-report vs. CT imaging limitations), EHS classification, selective operative indications, preoperative optimization targets, and the full repair-technique armamentarium (primary, onlay mesh, open/laparoscopic intraperitoneal mesh incl. keyhole vs. Sugarbaker orientation, open retromuscular repair/TAR) with outcome tables and a decision algorithm; mesh selection (synthetic vs. biologic/biosynthetic). Sourced from ASCRS Ch55 - Abdominal Wall Reconstruction and Parastomal Hernia Repair (textbook reference — fifty-fifth chapter of the sequential full-textbook ingest).