Conditions

Landing page for wiki/conditions/ — disease and condition pages (e.g. Diverticulitis, Rectal Cancer, Colon Cancer, IBD), synthesized across every source that touches them.

• Diverticulitis — Hinchey classification; perforated diverticulitis management (lavage vs. resection), cross-trial synthesis, guideline positions. Sourced from Azhar 2021 - SCANDIV 5-Year Outcomes and Vennix 2015 - Ladies Trial LOLA.
• Rectal Cancer — stub; current content is TNT-focused, see Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT). Sourced from Boublikova 2023 - TNT in Rectal Cancer Review.
• Appendiceal Neoplasms — 5 histopathologic subtypes (MAN/PMP, NEN, GCA, colonic-type, signet ring), AJCC/PSOGI staging, management by subtype. Sourced from Hoehn 2021 - Appendiceal Neoplasms.
• Large Bowel Obstruction — mechanical vs. functional etiologies, closed-loop obstruction, diagnosis, treatment by cause. Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Diverticular Disease, Obstruction & Pseudo-Obstruction (textbook reference).
• Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (Ogilvie Syndrome) — epidemiology, associated conditions, escalating management (supportive care → neostigmine → colonoscopic decompression → surgery). Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Diverticular Disease, Obstruction & Pseudo-Obstruction (textbook reference).
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease — shared epidemiology, classification, clinical/extraintestinal features, diagnosis, medical treatment for UC and Crohn’s. Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Inflammatory Bowel Disease (textbook reference).
• Ulcerative Colitis — surgical indications (failure of medical therapy, toxic megacolon, dysplasia/cancer) and options (IPAA, ileorectal anastomosis, continent ileostomy). Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Inflammatory Bowel Disease (textbook reference).
• Crohn Disease — history, epidemiology, etiology/genetics (NOD2/CARD15), pathology (creeping fat, granulomas), Montreal classification, clinical features, diagnosis (serology, fecal markers, CTE/MRE, endoscopy, CDAI), full medical therapy ladder, and surgical treatment both colonic (ileocolic/segmental resection, IPAA) and small-bowel (strictureplasty, bypass, penetrating disease). Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Sabiston Ch50 - Small Bowel Anatomy, Physiology, Obstruction & Crohn Disease (textbook references).
• Infectious Colitis — C. difficile (epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment ladder, FMT, surgery) plus other enteric pathogens (Campylobacter, Yersinia, Shigella, Salmonella, CMV). Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Infectious & Ischemic Colitis (textbook reference).
• Ischemic Colitis — watershed anatomy, risk factors, diagnosis (endoscopy gold standard), treatment (conservative vs. surgical), surgical technique (ICG angiography, no revascularization). Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Infectious & Ischemic Colitis (textbook reference).
• Colorectal Polyps — nonneoplastic/serrated/neoplastic polyps, malignant polyp management (Haggitt/Kikuchi classification), postpolypectomy surveillance. Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Colorectal Neoplasia & Colon Cancer Surgery (textbook reference).
• Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes — overview/comparison of FAP, MAP, PJS, JPS, Lynch syndrome; see Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), Lynch Syndrome, and Hamartomatous Polyposis Syndromes for full detail. Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Colorectal Neoplasia & Colon Cancer Surgery (textbook reference).
• Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) — genetics, extracolonic manifestations, desmoid tumors, Spigelman staging, surgical options, MUTYH-associated polyposis. Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Colorectal Neoplasia & Colon Cancer Surgery (textbook reference).
• Lynch Syndrome — MSI biology, Amsterdam/Bethesda criteria, multi-cancer screening, surgical decision-making (extent of colectomy). Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Colorectal Neoplasia & Colon Cancer Surgery (textbook reference).
• Hamartomatous Polyposis Syndromes — Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and juvenile polyposis syndrome. Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Colorectal Neoplasia & Colon Cancer Surgery (textbook reference).
• Obstructing Colon Cancer — presentation, diagnosis, management by side (Hartmann’s vs. primary anastomosis, stenting as bridge to surgery). Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Colorectal Neoplasia & Colon Cancer Surgery (textbook reference).
• Rectal Cancer — preoperative evaluation, staging (ERUS/MRI), TME/CRM/downstaging history, survival by stage, surveillance, adjuvant chemotherapy by stage. Sourced from Boublikova 2023 - TNT in Rectal Cancer Review and Sabiston Ch52 - Rectal Cancer Surgery (textbook reference).
• Low Anterior Resection Syndrome (LARS) — definition, multifactorial causes, prevention (J-pouch/coloplasty), treatment. Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Rectal Cancer Surgery (textbook reference).
• Rectal Prolapse (Procidentia) — anatomy/pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, nonoperative management. Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Pelvic Floor Disorders & Constipation (textbook reference).
• Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome (SRUS) — pathophysiology, symptoms, histologic differentiation from cancer/IBD, management. Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Pelvic Floor Disorders & Constipation (textbook reference).
• Rectocele — risk factors, symptoms, defecography grading, surgical repair approaches. Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Pelvic Floor Disorders & Constipation (textbook reference).
• Constipation — Rome IV criteria, workup, slow transit constipation and surgical options (TAC-IRA, CIRA). Sourced from Sabiston Ch52 - Pelvic Floor Disorders & Constipation (textbook reference).
• Small Bowel Obstruction — causes (adhesions ~60%, neoplasms, hernias, Crohn’s), pathophysiology, simple vs. strangulating obstruction, diagnosis, treatment ladder, recurrent/postoperative obstruction, ileus differential. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Small Bowel Anatomy, Physiology, Obstruction & Crohn Disease (textbook reference).
• Typhoid Enteritis — Salmonella typhi pathophysiology, diagnosis, antibiotic treatment, hemorrhage/perforation management. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Infectious Enteritis & Small Bowel Neoplasms (textbook reference).
• Enteritis in the Immunocompromised Host — protozoal (Cryptosporidium, Isospora, Microsporidium), bacterial, mycobacterial (MAC, TB), viral (CMV), and fungal enteric pathogens in AIDS/transplant patients. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Infectious Enteritis & Small Bowel Neoplasms (textbook reference).
• Small Bowel Neoplasms — overview: epidemiology, risk factors, molecular genetics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, benign neoplasms (stromal tumors, adenomas incl. FAP/Spigelman surveillance, Brunner gland adenomas, lipomas, Peutz-Jeghers hamartomas, hemangiomas), lymphoma. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Infectious Enteritis & Small Bowel Neoplasms (textbook reference).
• Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) — origin/classification, malignant carcinoid syndrome, diagnosis (CgA, 5-HIAA, octreotide scintigraphy, DOTATATE PET), surgical and medical treatment (SSAs, everolimus, PRRT, chemotherapy), prognosis. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Infectious Enteritis & Small Bowel Neoplasms (textbook reference).
• Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma — epidemiology, diagnosis, surgical treatment by location (pancreaticoduodenectomy vs. segmental resection), adjuvant chemotherapy, prognosis. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Infectious Enteritis & Small Bowel Neoplasms (textbook reference).
• Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) — KIT/CD117 immunohistochemistry, mitotic index risk stratification, imatinib-based localized and advanced/metastatic treatment algorithm. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Infectious Enteritis & Small Bowel Neoplasms (textbook reference).
• Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) — KIT/CD117 immunohistochemistry, mitotic index risk stratification, imatinib-based localized and advanced/metastatic treatment algorithm (updated with mutation-directed second-line agents: dasatinib, regorafenib, nilotinib, sorafenib). Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Infectious Enteritis & Small Bowel Neoplasms and Sabiston Ch50 - Diverticular Disease & Miscellaneous Problems (textbook references).
• Small Bowel Diverticular Disease — true vs. false diverticula overview. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Diverticular Disease & Miscellaneous Problems (textbook reference).
• Duodenal Diverticula — incidence, intraluminal vs. extraluminal classification, biliary/ pancreatic complications, endoscopic and surgical treatment. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Diverticular Disease & Miscellaneous Problems (textbook reference).
• Jejunal and Ileal Diverticula — incidence, motor dysfunction etiology, complications, treatment. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Diverticular Disease & Miscellaneous Problems (textbook reference).
• Meckel Diverticulum — incidence, gastric/pancreatic heterotopia, GI bleeding/obstruction/ diverticulitis, 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy, incidental-resection controversy. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Diverticular Disease & Miscellaneous Problems (textbook reference).
• Small Bowel Ulcerations — causal taxonomy (Table 50.11), NSAID enteropathy. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Diverticular Disease & Miscellaneous Problems (textbook reference).
• Ingested Foreign Bodies — observation vs. laparotomy decision-making. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Diverticular Disease & Miscellaneous Problems (textbook reference).
• Enterocutaneous Fistula — iatrogenic etiology, favorable/unfavorable closure factors, three-phase management (stabilization, staging/supportive care, definitive surgery). Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Diverticular Disease & Miscellaneous Problems (textbook reference).
• Pneumatosis Intestinalis — primary vs. secondary forms, diagnosis, “radiographic finding not a diagnosis” treatment principle. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Diverticular Disease & Miscellaneous Problems (textbook reference).
• Blind Loop Syndrome — bacterial overgrowth pathophysiology, Schilling test, antibiotic treatment. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Diverticular Disease & Miscellaneous Problems (textbook reference).
• Radiation Enteritis — acute vs. chronic forms, prevention strategies, medical and surgical treatment. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Diverticular Disease & Miscellaneous Problems (textbook reference).
• Short Bowel Syndrome — adaptive hyperplasia, early/late phase management, teduglutide, surgical lengthening (Bianchi, STEP), intestinal transplantation. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Diverticular Disease & Miscellaneous Problems (textbook reference).
• Vascular Compression of the Duodenum (SMA Syndrome) — Wilkie syndrome, diagnosis, treatment. Sourced from Sabiston Ch50 - Diverticular Disease & Miscellaneous Problems (textbook reference).